What are summer shoes made from? Types of leather
Animal leather (cow or pig) is most often used in shoe production. Textile fibers, such as cotton, and man-made fibers and leather, which have the same properties as natural fibers, are also used. Materials such as rubber and caoutchouc are used to make shoes that protect feet from rain and dampness.
Nowadays many artificial elastic materials, having properties similar to natural textile fibers and animal skin.
What materials are houses made from?
Houses can be built from the most various materials. Which one to choose depends on the place of residence, climate, habits and funds available to the builders.
The most commonly used materials are stone or brick, cement, iron, wood, ceramics, glass and some materials made from petroleum used as insulating materials.
What is soap?
This is the mass that is made from vegetable oils or animal fats with the addition of an alkaline product: caustic soda or potassium carbonate.
Soap dissolves in water and is used to remove dirt and grease.
Soap was invented many centuries ago, and its production was already known in Ancient Egypt and ancient civilizations of the East.
What materials are used in the kitchen?
Items used in the kitchen are made from a wide variety of materials, such as metals such as steel, iron or aluminum. Motors and contacts of household electrical appliances are made of metals: refrigerators or freezers, washing machines, microwave ovens, stoves, etc. Plastic is usually used for the production of appliance housings; the motor and various electrical parts are placed in it. Rubber is used to make seals and joints of parts, for drains, and glass is inserted into doors and windows.
What is glass made of?
Glass is the most commonly used material by humans. It is strong and heavy and difficult to cut, although it is easy to break as it is brittle, but the most important thing for its use is that glass is transparent.
Currently, glass is made from sand, calcium carbonate and limestone.
When making glass, all the ingredients are mixed and placed in a furnace at a temperature of 1400-1500 degrees C. In this case, the mixture melts, that is, turns into an almost liquid mass, and after cooling, the result is glass.
How are products stored?
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We mainly eat natural products. Many of them spoil very quickly because bacteria, light and air have a detrimental effect on them.
Nowadays, most food is vacuum packaged, removing air to prevent spoilage. Other products are protected by a plastic wrap or bag that preserves them. Fresh foods such as meat, fish and fruits should be consumed within one to two days.
There are other ways to preserve food, such as drying and salting. When drying, products are exposed to the sun or placed in a dry place for several weeks. At the same time, the liquid contained in them evaporates and the food does not spoil for a long time. Salting (salting) is based on the use of salt to protect products from the growth of bacteria in them. The refrigerator also helps keep food fresh for several days. Frozen foods are being consumed more and more every day because they can be stored for many months. Preservation methods such as making marmalades and confitures are also very practical.
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| Nastya | 4 May 2011, 07:16:09 |
Since the art of leather dressing can be safely called one of the most ancient, humanity has been fairly successful in it. Today craftsmen count dozens of types of leather. Suede, chevro, nubuck, saffiano, husky! There is also artificial, combined, PU leather. The variety can make your head spin! Types of leather differ primarily in their properties - strength, water and breathability, thickness, wear resistance, pattern. And each type has its own area of application. For example, there are leathers that are very breathable. They are used to make sports shoes. Other skins, on the contrary, are completely gas-tight. They are used for the manufacture of various technological elements and membranes.
What types of skins are there?!
Leathers differ primarily in origin. There are pork, sheep, horse and so on. The main raw materials for production leather goods today is the skins of cows, oxen, buffaloes, etc.
These animals are distributed almost everywhere. Their skins are quite large, which is very convenient when sewing large items. The skin of these animals is smooth, very beautiful to look at and practical. It withstands most processing methods. It can be painted and applied in various patterns. Also, types of leather differ in the way it is processed. For example, smooth, embossed, rawhide, varnished.
Smooth skin
Perhaps the most important type of leather. It is called that because the facial surface of the skin retains its natural pattern (I think). Smooth leather refers to all leathers whose surface has undergone minimal or no surface treatment. Only skins of the highest quality, without defects, are suitable for it. Naturally, this is the most expensive type of leather. Prestigious, expensive shoes and clothes are made from them.
Nappa
Thin leather with a smooth surface. This leather may be lightly or heavily treated with dyes and resins. She is not afraid of dirt. Used in the production of shoes. Nappa is obtained from cattle skins.
Suede
Suede (from Pol. zamsz) is a type of leather that is made by soaking pre-prepared raw hides with fats. For this, fats from fish or marine mammals (whales, seals, other animals), as well as vegetable fats such as flaxseed oil, are used. As a result of this process, fats inside the skin are oxidized and a chemical bond is formed with collagen fibers. Depending on the thickness, there are thin, medium and thick shoe suede. To make shoe suede, the skins of almost any small animal are used. These are mainly the skins of the skins or outgrowths of deer and elk, short-tailed sheep, calves, buffalo, wild goats, chamois and antelope. Technical suede is made from the skins of long-tailed sheep. During treatment, the outer layer of skin is removed. Among the features of suede processing, it is also important that both the front side (deer skin) and the bakhtarma (wrong side, sheep skin) are finished. In high-quality suede, the pile is always thick, short and shiny. Also, suede is characterized by an even and deep color; it should be stable during dry and wet friction. Suede is known for its breathability, which is primarily due to its porosity. At the same time, suede is waterproof; the property appears only after the suede absorbs a certain amount of moisture (until this moment it can allow water to pass through). Moreover, even after soaking or washing in soapy water, it does not lose its amazing softness, which is why it is also called “washable leather.” Cold and hot water (up to 60 degrees) does not change the properties of suede; destruction is possible only with prolonged boiling or if it is heated under pressure.
The material has such special properties as softness and velvety, attractive appearance and a high degree of elasticity.
Nubuck
Nubuck is chrome-tanned leather with a rich pile, the front surface of which is sanded with a fine-grained abrasive material. Nubuck - soft, practical with high-quality physical and chemical characteristics and an attractive appearance, can be painted in different colors. Widely used in the production of footwear for all seasons. It happens - natural, artificial and impregnated. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Natural nubuck It is made from natural raw materials, therefore it has high environmental performance. When exposed elevated temperatures(for example, in the summer), shoes made of this material allow air to pass through well - the foot does not sweat or get wet. Chrome leather absorbs moisture and retains its molecules in its structure, which reduces wear resistance. Natural nubuck is dried for a long time (up to 72 hours) at room temperature. The velvety surface gives the material a more noble, sophisticated look. Shoes made from natural nubuck are highly durable.
Artificial nubuck, made from synthetic raw materials, with a low price, created as close as possible to natural. It is inferior to natural nubuck in terms of hygienic indicators - it allows air to pass through a little worse. It is not recommended to use this material as the main material in production. sports shoes. Artificial nubuck is more wear-resistant, as it has moisture-repellent properties.
Nubuck-oil (with impregnation)- material made from natural raw materials, treated with protective agents. Chrome leather of this type has the highest wear resistance. It allows air to pass through (breathes) and is not afraid of moisture. Nubuck oil can withstand temperature changes - it does not cause cracks, wrinkles, etc. The shoe material is soft, elastic, slightly heavier than natural. Such models need to be treated with protective agents much less often than shoes made of natural nubuck.
Velours
Velor is soft leather, the surface of which is made to resemble velvet, on the subcutaneous side there is a thick, short, monochromatic pile, on the outer side there is a smooth surface. Velor is obtained by grinding the front or wrong side(bakhtarmy) skin. It is distinguished by thick short pile. Velor is suitable for making the uppers of shoes, bags, belts and clothing. As a rule, velor is obtained from leather with noticeable external defects that affect its strength. These can be various depressions, thinner areas, traces of blood vessels, wrinkles. Therefore, it is not suitable for products with an attractive natural appearance. In addition, with strong friction, the material at the defect site may tear.
The range of velor shoes is very wide. The color scheme can be any, since the fabric is dyed during the production process. In addition, this material is noticeably cheaper than suede, which is similar in appearance, since the production of velor is much cheaper.
Eco-leather
Eco-leather (PU - leather, leather coated with polyurethane) is not artificial leatherette, but a high-quality substitute for genuine leather.
The base of the leather is cotton fabric, which gives softness, hygiene, and at the same time it is strong enough to tear and stretch. The composition of “eco-leather” includes Genuine Leather, artificial materials, created on the basis of cellulose, then a polyurethane coating is applied. In addition, the structure of the material has a high coefficient of breathability, so it is hygroscopic and does not create a greenhouse effect. Eco-leather does not overheat in the sun and does not harden in the cold; it is always pleasant and warm to the touch. Eco-leather production technologies ensure good performance qualities of the material.
Features of eco-leather:
- the surface texture accurately imitates natural leather;
- resistance to abrasion and tearing - comparable to the best examples of materials of both artificial and natural origin;
- high tactile properties - soft to the touch, elasticity;
- environmentally friendly in composition - the composition does not include toxic substances, cotton base, genuine leather, polyurethane coating - materials that do not cause allergies;
- frost-resistant - an important quality in our natural conditions;
- ease of cleaning the finished product.
All of the above ensures that products made from eco-leather are environmentally friendly when used. The polyurethane coating is devoid of harmful additives, which is why this material is called “eco-leather”. High durability and ease of maintenance ensure long service life of the shoes and ease of use.
Faux leather
Artificial leather is a material whose properties are close to those of natural animal skin. It is a budget analogue of leather for shoe production. Currently, there are the following types of artificial leather: leatherette, tarpaulin, vinyl artificial leather or polyvinyl chloride, as well as stretch leather.
In modern industry faux leather is in demand because it has a number of advantages: technology allows it to be used to create shoes different types, as well as its individual parts (sole, insole, etc.).
High-quality artificial leather is durable and reliable in use. During production, it is treated with special substances, which subsequently provide the material with high wear resistance. According to its structure, synthetic leather is divided into types: fibrous, monolithic, porous, single- and multi-layer, mixed. It also differs in appearance, materials used in production, performance characteristics, etc.
Production process artificial leather includes the stages: preparatory, application of polymer coating, surface finishing. At the first stage, a full-fledged base is prepared, which can be fabric, durable paper, or non-woven materials. The choice of material for artificial leather determines its further physical properties. Compaction of the structure and strength of the material are achieved by special processing protective means.
The finishing of artificial leather can be varied, depending on the purpose of the shoe, its seasonality, and type. Decor can be in the form of prints, drawings, patterns, etc.
Shoes made of artificial leather are sensitive to temperature changes and may crack. Untimely treatment of products of this type with protective agents reduces wear resistance. This material is also highly flammable, unlike genuine leather.
Shoes made of artificial leather have the following positive properties: breathability, elasticity, practicality, a wide range of colors, low price. High-quality artificial leather does not highlight harmful substances. It is easy to clean and remains attractive for a long time. appearance.
Faux leather is an excellent analogue of natural leather. Shoes made from this material have decent performance characteristics.
Combination skin
Combination leather is the perfect combination of high quality natural and artificial leather.
Artificial materials are used where it is possible to use them without reducing structural strength and other consumer properties. Taking into account places of bends, deformations and friction, an elastic and more durable material is used.
Genuine leather is used in places where it is necessary to provide maximum structural strength (toe, heel), maintain natural moisture exchange properties, reduce friction and prevent the foot from slipping inside the shoe (insole and heel).
Combination skin has high levels of environmental safety for human health and environment. In shoes from combination skin internal circulation of air and water vapor is carried out due to micropores, which eliminates the greenhouse effect, significantly reducing the risk of developing fungal diseases of the feet. The unique qualities of the manufacturing technology give shoes made of mixed leather special durability and comfort. These shoes help you maintain health and reduce stress on your feet. Thanks to the upper made of mixed leathers, the shoes remain light and soft.
Modern developments are not only a combination of physical, aesthetic and environmental properties. Along with this, there is the relevance of the economic component. Innovative technologies make it possible to create inexpensive, beautiful and high-quality shoes from combination leather.
1. Welt
The load-bearing part of the shoe, with the help of which the upper of the shoe is attached to the sole.
2. Hard toe cap
An intermediate part of the upper of a shoe in the toe part, between the upper and the lining.
Maintains the shape of the toe part and also serves to protect the feet from external mechanical influences.
3. Vamp
The outer part of a shoe upper that covers the top surface of the foot. Can be reinforced with textile details: interlining and sidewall, which prevent stretching of the top and deformation of the sides. During the use of shoes, the vamp (front) is subject to severe deformation due to numerous repeated bends, and that is why it is a critical part of the shoe upper.
4. Boots
The outer parts of a shoe upper that cover the back of the foot. The boots have laces or belts with buckles. During the operation of shoes, ankle boots are subjected to less intense mechanical stress than the vamp.
5. Lining
The inner part of the upper of the shoe is made of vegetable tanned leather - it is in direct contact with the foot and should be especially soft, capable of allowing air to pass through.
The lining wears out most intensively in the toe and heel areas.
6. Hard back
The inner heel is a reinforcing element at the back connection of both parts of the shoe upper. It is located between the soft layer of the back (lining) and the back (ZNR).
Provides dimensional stability of the heel part, and also serves to protect the feet from external mechanical influences and helps fix the foot in the shoe. Made from natural saddle leather, thermoplastics, leather cardboard, granitoli, etc.
7. Sole
The part of the bottom of the shoe that is in direct contact with the ground. Dress shoes have a thickness of about 5 mm, while durable shoes have a correspondingly greater thickness. It protects the foot from contact with the ground, softens mechanical impacts when walking, running, jumping, protects shoes from wear, penetration of water and dirt, as well as from exposure to aggressive environments. Along with the external details of the upper, the design of the sole also plays a role in shaping the appearance of the shoe. The tread pattern (running layer of the sole) determines the antifriction (slip resistance) properties of the shoe. When wearing shoes, the sole is exposed to intense influences - abrasion on the ground, repeated deformation during compression and bending, wetting and drying, temperature changes. The quality of the sole largely determines how long a shoe will be worn.
8. Insole
A shoe part that matches the shape of the main insole. Serves to improve the aesthetic, comfortable and hygienic properties of shoes. It is a layer of especially soft skin that comes into contact with the bottom surface of the foot.
9. Main - set-in insole
The part of the bottom of the shoe located under the entire surface of the foot to which the top and bottom of the shoe are attached. When using shoes, the insole is subjected to repeated bending and compression, and in the absence of an insole, it is exposed to sweat and abrasion from the foot. The materials used to make the insoles must be resistant to these influences, absorb sweat well, and firmly hold nails and threads. In shoes, leather insoles are used (single and glued from two layers), combined (from a layer of leather and artificial insole material or special cardboard).
10. Forgiveness
Serves to fill cavities formed during the process of sewing the welt. When walking, it makes the sole springy and stable.
11. Gelenok
A part of a shoe that is attached between the main insole and the sole. It is a spring made of wood or steel (10x1.5 cm). Placed in the cavity formed by the welt and insole, from the middle of the heel to the beginning of the instep. Creates a stable support and prevents heel bending.
12. Heel
A critical part of the bottom of a shoe, designed to raise the heel of the foot to a certain height.
13. Stroke
A strip of leather nailed to the insole is a continuation of the welt and forms the base for the sole and heel. For shoes with a sewn welt, the edge is attached with wooden pins; in other cases, it is nailed.
14. Sock
The outer part of a shoe upper that covers the back of the toes. In the process of wearing shoes, the toe is subject to the greatest mechanical and physical-mechanical influences, as a result of which scratches, dirt, etc. remain on it.
15. Boot
The outer part of the upper of a shoe that covers the lower leg, sometimes part of it or the thigh.
16. Tongue
The outer part of the top of boots or low shoes, located under the front part of the ankle boots, to protect the foot from damage by blocks and pressure from laces.
What are shoes made of?
One of the main characteristics of any shoe is the material from which it is made. It is the material of the shoes that ensures both its aesthetic appearance and service life.
In addition, each material requires special care, and using conventional cleaning methods without taking into account the material can cause irreparable damage to the shoes.
If you ask to name the most common materials for shoes, most will remember only 5-6 names. In fact, there are many more of these materials, although it should be noted that not all materials are now used to make everyday shoes, and some of them are used in production special shoes with increased characteristics of strength and waterproofness.
Natural materials for shoes are fabric, suede and genuine leather: nubuck, crack, tanned leather and others. Material such as leather was known back in ancient times, when it was also used to make shoes and clothing. Due to its characteristics, leather is considered an elite material for shoes, and genuine leather shoes have always been the most expensive. To produce more mass-produced and affordable shoes, artificial materials are used, including artificial leather.
The most practical is chrome-tanned leather, which does not absorb moisture and does not deform. Shoes made of crack and nubuck are also not susceptible to cold and moisture, but the surface of these materials takes on an unaesthetic gloss over a fairly short period of time. Shoes made of fabric are cheap, very light and comfortable, but their main disadvantage is their fragility, and after washing or cleaning such shoes often lose their brightness of color.
One of the most common materials for modern shoes is suede - soft leather that has a velvety appearance and is a durable fabric with thick short pile on the front side. In terms of its characteristics, suede is similar to corduroy, but, unlike this material, it is denser and heavier. They also produce artificial suede with a fleecy surface, which is a leather substitute.
For special shoes (for example, military ones), a fabric similar to “avizent” is used, and the “Gortex” membrane provides the boots with absolute waterproofness. For shoes with intensive use, Cordura is also used - a durable and at the same time lightweight material that is resistant to damage.
The quality of shoes, their comfort and functionality are influenced not only by the style and features that make it possible to classify a particular pair as orthopedic correct, but also by the materials from which it is made. Today, specialists from the Daughters-Sons store talk about what materials modern children's shoes are made from.
Shoe marking
To find out the composition of children's shoes, just look for the corresponding marking, which will indicate what the upper, interior and sole are made of. Sometimes a tag with the corresponding icons is sewn into one of the seams of the lining, in other cases it is attached to the “tongue” or imprinted on the insole.
Children's shoe top
Genuine Leather
Genuine leather is a traditional material for sewing children's and adult shoes, which, thanks to its excellent appearance, its breathable properties, low stretchability, good waterproofing, and most importantly, the ability to keep feet warm, will not go out of fashion for a long time. Tolerates low temperatures well; in quality leather boots You can walk on natural fur down to –30°C, although generally such shoes are designed for frost down to –20°C.
The middle layer is called split. Shoes are also made from it, labeling it as genuine leather, but its qualities are different. Experts believe that split leather is closer in functionality to leatherette than to its natural counterpart.
Compared to the top layer of leather, split leather is looser and less elastic; it wears out and breaks faster; does not “breathe”, gets wet easily. Shoes made of this material are more difficult to care for, and their appearance deteriorates very quickly.
It is difficult to distinguish split leather from leather. Perhaps the only guarantee that you are buying a model made from the top layer of genuine leather is the name of the manufacturer. If you buy leather shoes without a name, the risk of getting a pair from the middle layer of the hide is very high.
Leatherette
Leatherette, or artificial leather, is a synthetic analogue of natural leather.
Leatherette varies in composition, quality and, accordingly, cost, so shoes made from it may be unsuitable for a child to wear (when the foot wears out, the material does not fit the foot and does not have even minimal stretch, and the thermal insulation properties leave much to be desired), and close in properties to its natural prototype (but the price for models made from such material is appropriate).
Combination skin
An indication on the label that the shoes are made of mixed leather means that they are made from a combination of natural and artificial leather. Such shoes are cheaper than all-leather ones, but many positive traits models from natural material manufacturer saves.
For example, those parts that are adjacent to the foot must allow air to pass through and experience greater load: they are natural. And the boot can also be made of leatherette.
Suede
This material is rarely used in making shoes for little ones. Despite the fact that, due to its functionality (the ability to breathe, fit perfectly and incredible softness), suede is perfect for children's shoes, it is very demanding to care for. Besides, suede shoes does not like to come into contact with moisture.
Felt
Natural felted wool used for sewing winter children's shoes, not only as internal insulation, but also for the outer layer. Felt boots today are one of the most popular types of children's boots. winter shoes.
This is easy to understand: natural wool gives your feet warmth in any frost, your feet do not sweat or freeze.
Textile
Textile shoes are beautiful and comfortable because they are made of breathable materials. The specificity of the weave allows us to obtain textiles that do not stretch, so the shoes retain their presentable appearance for a long time.
Textiles can be made from natural fibers (for example, cotton, felt) or artificial (modern synthetic materials). If textile shoes are designed for the off-season or winter, the material is supplied with moisture-repellent impregnation - and the child’s feet remain dry.
In order for textile shoes to be orthopedically correct, they also use Additional materials- for example, to stiffen the backdrop, inserts are sometimes made from other materials.
Summer textile shoes quickly gather dust; Unlike leather, it is more difficult to care for: while leather sandals can only be wiped with a damp cloth, textile sandals will most likely have to be washed.
Interior
Natural fur
Natural fur does an excellent job of keeping children's feet warm. winter cold. They are often insulated with leather boots. Main disadvantage leather shoes on fur - it is too hot in a slight frost and indoors. There are others: high cost, difficult relationship with moths and quick trampling of fur. However, the last drawback is not particularly relevant for children's shoes, since the foot most often manages to grow faster than the fur becomes unusable.
It is easy to distinguish natural fur from artificial fur: natural option less shiny, and if you move the fibers apart, you can see what kind of base they are “attached” to: leather or textile.
Artificial fur
In inexpensive children's shoes, it often acts as insulation. artificial fur. A solid layer of such fur warms well. Depending on the thickness of the fur and the material from which it is made, boots with such insulation can be worn in frosts down to –15°C or lower.
Faux fur is a fabric base to which synthetic fibers are attached. Its main disadvantage is called the inability to “breathe”, which, in turn, leads to increased sweating, but reasonable cost, light weight, the ability to dye fur in any color and wear resistance make this material one of the most common insulation for winter children's shoes.
Wool
Children's shoes are often equipped with a wool lining, the so-called. stuffed fur. It is made from a woven base with wool fibers attached to it. About 20% of synthetic fibers are mixed with natural fibers.
The result is a warm lining, wear-resistant, relatively thin (compared to fur) and inexpensive. Feet in such shoes usually remain dry and warm.
Climate membrane
The membrane is a film made of fluoroplastic with many pores. The structural features of the pores make it possible to perfectly remove moisture outward, but at the same time not let water in. The result: dry and warm feet.
Today there are several options for three-layer membrane materials, one of the most popular is Gortex. It is not always easy for parents to believe that thin boots will reliably protect their child’s feet in winter, and in vain: membrane shoes copes with this task perfectly.
The membrane is often combined with wool insulation: we get very warm boots at temperatures of –10…–30°C.
Synthetic insulation
A variety of synthetic insulation materials have proven themselves to be excellent: they are soft and warm children's feet well. Moreover, compared to natural fur have an affordable price. Synthetic winterizer, silicone and similar materials are often used today to insulate children's shoes. Fleece is popular among inexpensive insulation materials - it is used to sew an insert boot for rubber shoes or lining for demi-season models.
Winter shoes with modern high-tech insulation (for example, Thinsulate) are expensive and rare, but they keep you warm in any frost. This is a godsend for those who are familiar winter boots seem too heavy and bulky.
Leather
Genuine leather is often used for the interior finishing of shoes - summer and demi-season.
There are no complaints about the named material as a lining: it does not “float”, removes moisture well, and does not cause allergic reactions. Leather-lined shoes, if the model allows, can be worn on bare feet.
Sole
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
Shoes with PVC soles are often made for changing, since polyvinyl chloride does not leave marks on the floor (does not stain it). The sole made of this material is often called rubber.
In the off-season, such a sole may turn out to be cold. PVC soles for children's shoes have many advantages: they are wear-resistant, elastic, and have good shock-absorbing properties.
Most often, PVC soles are found in summer models; So-called rubber boots are also cast from it.
Polyurethane
It is not often used to make winter shoes, and rightly so: at low temperatures the material “hardens”, the sole stops springing and has poor adhesion to slippery surfaces.
For models for spring, summer and autumn, a polyurethane outsole is ideal: it absorbs impacts of the foot on the asphalt well and is highly wear-resistant.
The polyurethane sole is relatively heavy, and today, in order to reduce the final weight of shoes, you can often find models in which polyurethane acts only as an outer layer: it is glued to the base sole (for example, made of EVA).
Polyurethane is a black material, so the soles made of it are always dark; they are not painted in light colors.
Thermoplastic elastomer (TEP)
TEP is both a designation of the material from which the sole is made and an indication of its specific structure: a monolithic outer layer and a porous inner layer.
These are durable shoes with light soles, which is especially valuable in the production of children's shoes. A pleasant plus is the low cost of the material, which has a positive effect on the price of children's shoes.
Thermoplastic elastomer soles are often equipped with shoes designed to be worn at the lowest temperatures, down to –50°C. The material is non-slip, making it ideal for winter boots. However, in hot summer conditions, such a sole will also show itself at its best. the best side, maintaining proper elasticity.
EVA
EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) material is becoming increasingly widespread in the production of children's shoes: it is used not only for soles, but also for “galoshes” for snowboots and even full-fledged “rubber” boots. It is light and practical, has excellent shock-absorbing properties.
The EVA sole adheres well to the surface and glides only on rolled ice. It is believed that EVA wears off on asphalt, but this is not noticeable on children's shoes, because... The baby's weight is small.
Genuine Leather
Leather soles are found in booties and boots. It is flexible enough not to restrict the movement of the foot, and in addition, it “breathes”. A leather sole does not provide the foot with the necessary support and shock absorption, so such shoes are not orthopedic correct.
Shoes with leather soles are not suitable for constant wear by a child who can already walk, and their wear resistance leaves much to be desired. It is suitable for indoor use, but not in contact with asphalt.
Expert opinion
"Modern children's shoes from good producers- always high quality and made from materials that most accurately meet the needs of the child’s foot in different situations and in different seasons. But there are several requirements that all shoes must meet. Firstly, the sole must be shock-absorbing and, depending on the season, have good grip on asphalt or compacted snow. Secondly, it is necessary that the materials of the upper, insulation and lining do not float the leg, i.e. created a system in which moisture is removed from the skin, and the legs always remain dry and warm. And thirdly, shoes must be orthopedically correct, contributing to the proper development of the foot. If customers follow these recommendations, their children will always wear comfortable and healthy shoes.”
Specialist of the online store “Daughters and Sons”
Buchin Artem
conclusions
Today, the children's shoe market is fuller than ever, and it is even more important to understand the materials from which they are made.
The upper part of children's shoes should be practical, preferably easy to care for. This leather is natural, artificial and combined; felt and synthetic textiles or fabric with special impregnations.
What the insulation and lining are made of also matters. Shoes should be moderately warm, according to the season. It is important that moisture is removed, and air, on the contrary, flows to the foot: this mechanism ensures a well-chosen set of materials from which children's shoes are made.