Tables of height and weight norms according to WHO

At a pediatrician's appointment, every baby under one year of age is weighed monthly and their height is measured. Why is it so important for doctors to know how a child grows and how much weight he gains? What do these parameters indicate, and what are the anthropometric norms for children of different ages?

Where did weight and height indicators for children come from and why are they needed?

A child’s anthropometric data is one of the main indicators of the physical development and health status of children. Significant deviations from normal height and weight values ​​in a child almost always indicate the development or presence of certain diseases. So, if a child under one year old, with sufficient nutrition, does not gain weight well, then this may be one of the symptoms of rickets, anemia, immunodeficiency conditions, diseases of the endocrine or central nervous systems.

Significant growth retardation may indicate a lack of somatotropin growth hormone in the body, and obvious excess weight with normal growth And proper nutrition may indicate disturbances in the functioning of the adrenal glands, thyroid gland, and even the development of a brain tumor.

In order to detect and begin to treat such dangerous diseases in time, doctors carefully monitor the anthropometric indicators of children from birth. The development standards were compiled by the World Health Organization based on many years of research. In addition to the average normative indicator for each age, the limits of the norms were also calculated. Weight and height above this limit are considered high, and below - low. It is these children that doctors begin to monitor especially closely.

WHO height and weight chart for girls under 1 year of age

According to the norms, a healthy full-term girl is born with a height of 49.2 cm and weighs 3,200 g. This is the average. The lower limit of the norm for a newborn is a height of 47.3 cm and a weight of 2,800 g, and the upper limit is located at values ​​of 51 cm and 3,700 g, respectively. Values ​​outside the lower and upper limits of the norm are marked as very low or too high. Doctors will observe such a newborn and, possibly, further examine her.

In the first month, the newborn should grow 4.5 cm and gain a kilogram. The lower limits of the norm for a one-month-old girl will be 51.7 (height in cm) // 3.600 (weight in grams), and the upper limits will be 55.6 // 4.800.

Normal indicators for a two-month-old baby: 57.1 cm and 5.100 g. The lower limit of the norm: 55//4.500, and the upper limit – 59.1//5.800.

By three months, girls grow to 59.8 cm and weigh 5,900 grams. Indicators less than 57.7 // 5.200 are considered low for a three-month baby, and indicators more than 61.9 // 6.600 are considered high.

Average height and weight for a four-month-old girl: 62.1 cm and 6,400 g. The lower limits of the norm are 59.9 // 5.700, the upper limits are 64.3 // 7.300.

By five months, girls should grow to 64 cm and weigh 6,900 g. Low indicators – parameters less than 61.8//6.100. Indicators 66.3 //7.800 are the upper limits of the norm for a five-month-old girl.

The age of 6 months is considered an important milestone for a child's development. A six-month-old girl should grow to 65.7 cm and weigh 7.300 g. The lower limit is 63.5//6.500, and the upper limit is 68//8.300.

The seven-month-old baby grows to 67.3 cm and weighs 7,600 grams. Indicators below 65 // 6.800 are considered low, and indicators exceeding 69.6 // 8.600 are considered high.

At eight months, the norms are: height - 68.83 cm, and weight - 8 kg. The lower limits of the norm: 66.4//7000, and the upper limits – 71.1//9000.

By nine months, the height should be 70.1 cm, and the baby should weigh 8,200 grams. Low indicators at this age are values ​​less than 67.7 // 7.300, and high indicators are more than 72.6 // 9.300.

According to the norms, a ten-month-old baby should be 71.5 cm tall and weigh 8,500 grams. The lower limits of the norm for ten months are 69//7.500, and the upper limits: 74//9.600.

By eleven months, a girl normally grows to 72.8 cm and weighs 8,700 grams. Indicators less than 70.3//7.700 are considered low. Indicators exceeding 75.3//9.900 will be high.

By the age of one year, girls should grow to 74 cm and weigh 9,000 grams. The lower limit of the norm is considered to be 71.4 //7.900, and the upper limit: 76.6 //10.100.

WHO height and weight chartfor boys up to 1 year

The norms for boys are different from the norms for girls, since boys are usually born slightly larger. Thus, a healthy full-term newborn boy is usually born with a weight of 3,300 grams and a height of 49.9 cm. These indicators are considered the norm. The lower limit of the norm for a newborn is a height of 48 cm and a weight of 2,900 g, and the upper limit is 51.75 cm and 3,900 g, respectively.

In the first month, the baby should grow 4.8 cm and gain 1200 grams. The lower limits of the norm for a one-month-old boy will be 52.8 (height in cm) // 3,900 (weight in grams), and the upper limits will be 56.7 // 5,100.

Normal indicators for a two-month-old toddler: 58.4 cm and 5.600 g. The lower limit of the norm: 56.4//4.900, and the upper limit – 60.4//6.300.

By three months, boys grow to 61.4 cm and weigh 6,400 grams. Low indicators will be parameters below 59.4 // 5.700, and high indicators will be indicators above 63.5 // 7.200.

Average height and weight for a four-month-old baby: 63.9 cm and 7000 g. The lower limits of the norm are 61.8 // 6.300, the upper limits are 66 // 7.800.

By the age of five months, the boy should grow to 65.9 cm and weigh 6,900 grams. Low indicators – parameters less than 63.8 // 6.100. Indicators 68 //7.800 are the upper limits of the norm for a five-month-old baby.

By six months the baby should grow to 67.6 cm and weigh 7,900 grams. The lower limit is 65.5//7.100, and the upper limit is 69.8//8.900.

The seven-month-old boy grows to 69.2 cm and weighs 8,300 grams. Indicators less than 67 // 7.400 will be considered low, and indicators exceeding 71.3 // 9.300 will be considered high.

At eight months, the average for a boy is: height - 70.65 cm, and weight - 8,600 g. The lower limits of the norm: 68.45//7.700, and the upper limits –72.85//9.600.

By nine months, the baby should be 72 cm tall and weigh 8,900 grams. Low indicators will be less than 69.65 // 8.000, and high indicators will be more than 74.3 // 9.900.

A ten-month-old boy should normally be 73.3 cm tall and weigh 9,200 grams. The lower limits of the norm at this age are 71//8.200, and the upper limits: 76//10.200.

By eleven months, the baby normally grows to 74.5 cm and weighs 9,400 grams. Indicators less than 72.2//8.400 are considered low. Indicators exceeding 76.8//10.500 will be high.

According to standards, boys should grow to 75.8 cm per year and weigh 9,700 grams. The lower limit of the norm is considered to be 73.5 //8.700, and the upper limit: 78 //10.800.

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Height and weight chart for girls from 1 to 10 years old

The growth of children begins to slow down as soon as the kids turn one, so for children from one to three years old, the norms are no longer determined monthly, but every three months. For children from 3 to 7 years old - once every six months, and for children aged from seven to ten years - the norms change once a year.

By one year and three months, a girl should normally grow to 77.5 cm and weigh 9,600 grams. The lower limits of the norm: 74.83 (height in centimeters) and 8,500 (weight in grams), the upper limits: 80.3 // 10,900.

The next reference point is defined for the age of one year and six months. Norm: 80.65//10.200. Lower limit: 77.7//9.100. Upper: 83.5//11.600.

At one year and nine months, the norms for girls are 83.65//10.900. Lower limit of normal: 80.6//9.600. Upper limit: 86.7//12.300.

By the age of two, girls normally grow to 86.4 cm and weigh 11,500 grams. The lower limit of the norm: 83.2//10.200. Upper limit: 89.6//13.000.

Average height and weight for babies aged 2 years 3 months: 88.3/12.100. Lower limit: 84.8//10.700. Upper limit: 91.7//13.700.

Girls at 2.5 years old should grow to 90.7 cm and weigh 12,700 grams. The lower limit of the norm: 86.9//11.200. Upper frames: 94.3 // weight 14.400.

At 2.9 years, the average values ​​are: 92.9 // 13.300. Lower limits: 89.3//11.700, upper limits: 96.6//weight 15.100.

Three-year-olds should be 95 cm tall and weigh 13,900 grams. Data below 91.3//12.200 are assessed as low, and figures above 98.8//15.800 are assessed as high.

At 3.5 years old, the standards for a girl are: 99//15,000. The lower line is 95//13.100, and the upper line is 103.1//17.200.

Average height and weight for a four-year-old girl: 102.6//16.100. The lower limits of the norm: 98.4//14.000, and the upper limits of height and weight: 107.1//18.500.

At 4.5 years old, the standards for a girl are: 106.2//17.200. Lower limits: 101.6//14.900, and upper limits: 110.7//19.900.

Average height and weight for a five-year-old girl: 109.4//18.200. The lower limits of the norm: 104.7 // 15.800, and the upper ones: 114.2 // 21.200.

At 5.5 years old, girls should grow to 112.2 cm and weigh 19,000 grams. Parameters less than 107.2 // 16.600 are considered low, and indicators more than 117.1 // 22.200 are considered high.

Standards for six-year-olds: 115.1//20.200. Lower limits: 110//17.500. Upper – 120.2//23.500.

By the age of 6.5 years, girls grow to 118 cm and weigh 21,200 grams. The lower limits at 6.5 years are 112.7 // 18.300, and the upper limits are 123.3 // weight 24.900.

Average height and weight for seven year old girls: 120.8 and 23.000. Lower limits: 115.3//21.300, upper limits: 126.3//26.300.

In children over seven years of age anthropometric indicators are monitored once a year. The standards for eight-year-old girls are 126.6//25,000. The lower limit for eight-year-olds will be 120.8 and 21.400. The upper limit is 132.4//30,000.

Norms for nine-year-olds: 132.45//28.200. Lower limits: 132.5 and 27.900, upper limits – 138.6 // weight 34.000.

A ten-year-old girl should have an average height of 138.55 cm and a weight of 31,900 g. Data below 132.2//27.100 are assessed as low, and figures above 145//38.200 are assessed as high.

Height and weight chart for boys from 1 to 10 years old

Boys at 1.3 years old should reach the parameters 80//10.400. Lower normal value: 76.55 (height in centimeters) and 9.200 (weight in grams), upper limits: 82//11.500.

The next control point is one year and six months. The standard for one and six years is 82.3//10.900. From the border: 79.6//9.800. Up to: 85//12.200.

At 1.9 years old, the standards for boys are 85.2//11.500. From the border: 82.4//10.300. Until: 88//12.900.

By the age of two, toddlers normally reach 88//12,200. From the line: 84.4//10.800. Up to 90.5//13.600.

Standard for a child aged 2.3 years: 89.6//12.700. From: 86.5//11.300, to: 92.8//14.300.

By the age of 2.5 years, the toddler should grow to 91.9 cm and weigh 13,300 grams. Lower limits for this age: 88.5//11.800. Upper frames: 95.4//15.000.

At the age of 2.9 years, the standards are 94.1/13.800. Lower limits 91//12.300, upper limits 97.6//15.600.

Boys' height at 3 years should be 96.1 cm, weight - 14,300 g. Scores less than 92.4//12.700 will be assessed as low, and scores exceeding 100//16.200 will be assessed as high.

At 3.5 years old, the norm for boys is: 99.9//15.300. From the border: 95.9//13.600, to: 103.8//17.400.

Average height and weight for a four-year-old boy: 103.3//16.300. From the border: 99.1//14.400, to: 107.5//18.600.

At 4.5 years old, the boy’s height reaches 107 cm, and his normal weight should be 17,300 g. The lower level of the norm: 102.25//15.200, and the upper one: 111.1//19.900.

Standards for boys aged 5: 110//18.300. From the bar at: 105.3//16.000 cm, to: 114.6 and 21.000.

By the age of 5.5 years, the standards for boys are 113//19.400. For 5.5 years, indicators less than 108.2//17,000 are considered low, and more than 117.7//22,200 are considered high.

Average height and weight for six year olds: 116/20,500. Bottom bar: 111//18.000. Upper: 120.9//23.500.

By the age of 6.5 years, boys reach parameters 119//21.700. The lower limits for this age are 113.8//19.000, and the upper limits are 124//24.900.

Standards for seven-year-old boys: 121.8//22.900. From the bar at: 116.4//20.000 cm, to: 127//26.400 cm.

By the age of eight, children grow to 127.3 cm and weigh 25,400 grams. The lower standard for eight-year-olds will be 121.5//22.100. Upper – 132.8//29.500.

Average height and weight for nine year olds: 132.6/28.100. Lower limits: 126.6//2.300, upper limits – 138.6//33.000.

At the age of 10, boys should normally reach parameters of 137.8//31.200. Figures below 131.4 and 26,700 are assessed as low, and figures above 144.2//37,000 are considered high.

Height and weight chart for teenage girls

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In adolescents, anthropometric data are monitored once a year. For an eleven-year-old girl, the average is 144.5 (height in centimeters)//34.4 (weight in kilograms). Parameters less than 136.2 // 27.8 are considered the lower normative limits, and parameters more than 153.2 // 44.6 are considered the upper ones.

Average height and weight for a twelve-year-old: 150//40.7. The lower limit of the norm: 142.2//31.8, the upper limit: 162.2//51.8.

A thirteen-year-old girl normally has indicators: 155.8//44.3. Lower data bar: 148.3//38.7, upper: 163.7//59.

At 14 years old, the average data for a girl is: 159.5//53.1. Lower limits of the norm: 152.6//43.8, upper: 167.2//64.

By the age of fifteen average height girls reach 161.6 cm, and the average weight is 55.5 kg. Lower limit of data: 154.4 // 46.8, upper limit: 169.2 // 66.5.

Average height and weight for sixteen-year-old girls: 162.4//56.5. Lower limit: 155.2//48.4, upper – 170.2//67.6.

For girls aged 17, the standard is 163.9//61. Lower limit: 155.8//52.8, upper: 170.5//68.

Height and weight chart for teenage boys

Boys aged 10 to 14 years are slightly behind girls in height; this is a normal phenomenon, since hormonal changes in boys begin a little later than in girls. But after fourteen years, boys begin to grow more rapidly than girls, and by the age of 15 they are ahead of them in terms of growth.

In adolescence, anthropometric indicators significantly depend on genetic predisposition, therefore, when monitoring the physical development of adolescents, it is recommended to focus not so much on the average indicator, but on the norm limits indicated for each age and on the child’s heredity. So, if the father of a young man is 190 cm tall, then the height of 182 cm for the teenager himself at 15 years old can be considered the norm in this case.

For an 11-year-old boy, the average figures are: 143.5 (height in centimeters)//35.5 (weight in kilograms). Parameters less than 134.5//28 are the lower limits of the norm, and parameters exceeding 153//44.9 are the upper limits.

Average height and weight for a twelve-year-old: 149//39.8. From the border: 140//30.7, to: 159.6//50.6.

A thirteen-year-old teenager normally has indicators: 155.5//44.3. From the border: 145.7//33.9, to: 166//59.

At 14 years old, the average is 161.9//49.7. From the border: 152.3//38, to: 172//63.4.

By the age of fifteen, the average height of children is 168 cm, and weight is 55.5 kg. From the border: 158.6//43, to: 177.6//70.

Average height and weight for sixteen-year-old boys: 172.3//66.9. From the border: 163.2//48.4, to 182//76.5.

At seventeen years old, the average height and weight are 176.6//66.9. From the border: 166.7//54.6, to: 186//80.1.

Video “Height and weight of the child, Dr. Komarovsky”

What is important to pay attention to, said Olga Vladimirovna Stepanovich, a pediatrician at the NEARMEDIC clinic in Perovo.

Olga Vladimirovna Stepanovich

The height and weight of a child at birth is one of the key indicators by which doctors determine the degree of his physical development, along with the ratio of head and chest circumference and values ​​from the Apgar scale regarding the baby’s emotional reactions at birth.

We all understand that each person is unique, but any deviations from the norm in height and weight, especially if they have a minus sign, are a cause for concern for both parents and doctors. Many years of experience and developments in the field of pediatrics force specialists to rely on an approximate range of indicators, and going beyond these limits can be considered an anomaly.

Normal baby weight at birth

Based on data from the WHO (World Health Organization), we can conclude that at birth the body weight of a healthy child normally ranges from 2.8 to 4 kg. In our country, the average weight of a newborn boy is 3495 g, girls - 3350 g.

As a rule, on the second day there is a physiological decrease in the weight of the newborn, with its maximum loss occurring on the 4-5th day.

Acceptable minus in the first days of life: in premature babies - up to 12-14% of the total weight, in full-term babies up to 7-8%.

Control of weight gain occurs both in the maternity hospital in the first days of the baby’s birth, and during the period of postpartum care. That is why weighing and various measurements of the baby’s parameters is the most frequent procedure in the pediatrician's office.

As a rule, weight gain is monitored before feeding the child and after - for a more objective assessment.

Normal weight of a child after the first year of life

After the first year of life, the baby’s weight gain slows down, the indicators become more stable - he can gain only up to half a kilogram in a short period of time - from 3 to 6 months.

WHO data gives a general idea of ​​the limits of weight gain, but each child develops individually, and slight deviation from normal - no reason to worry. So, for boys it is considered normal if he:

• at 1.5 years weighs from 10 to 13 kg.
• at 2 years – from 11 to 14.5 kg.
• at 3 years – from 13 to 17 kg.
• at 5 years – from 15.5 to 22 kg.

For girls:

• at 1.5 years - from 9.5 to 12 kg.
• at 2 years – from 10.8 to 13.5 kg.
• at 3 years – from 12.5 to 16.5 kg.
• at 5 years – from 15.7 to 21.6 kg.

Weight standards for preschoolers and schoolchildren

There are general patterns that doctors focus on. It is considered normal when by the age of 6-7 years the weight of a one-year-old child gradually doubles, and by the age of 15-16 it triples. During puberty, when the child is in the puberty phase, he begins to gain weight again.

This increase can be 5-6 kg per year.

Deviations from the norm in the child’s weight

Obesity

According to WHO, the number of infants and children under 5 years of age with overweight or obesity is constantly increasing. In 1990 there were 32 million such children, in 2016 – 41 million. If the trend continues, this figure will rise to 70 million in 2025. Obesity in childhood increases risk early development serious diseases: diabetes, cardiovascular and other diseases.

One important way to prevent obesity in infants is complete breastfeeding from birth to 6 months. Obesity in infants and children is defined according to WHO standards for child growth and development, taking into account the following indicators: body length/height – age; body weight – age; body weight - height and body mass index - age and WHO standards for children and adolescents 5-19 years old (body mass index - age).

When a child is underweight

The situation when a child is in his age group weighs much less than the threshold and is not gaining weight at all, should also alert parents. Hypotrophy can be observed literally from the first or second months of life - prenatal or postnatal. In this case, in addition to the child’s low body weight, characteristic clinical signs of the disease may include: low level subcutaneous fat, which is always visually noticeable.

The consequence of critical indicators of shortage may be underfeeding.

The child is always hungry, he does not eat enough or does not consume very high-calorie food. At breastfeeding this may also be due to the mother’s poor diet, which affects the quality of the milk and its fat content.

Breastfed babies often gain weight more slowly than formula-fed babies.

To eliminate the problem of underfeeding, pediatricians advise feeding the child on demand. In the first months after birth, the number of feedings can reach 10–12 per day; during the day you should feed every 2 hours or more often, at night every 3–3.5 hours or more often.

The duration of feeding should be determined by the infant. For one-year-olds and slightly older children, it is important for the mother to understand the ratio of the energy value of the baby’s food and his daily needs in order to control the degree of satiety of the child.

You can adhere to the following consumption criteria:

• from 1 year to 3 years - approximately 1500 kcal/day,
• from 3 to 5 years old – 1800 kcal/day,
• from 5 to 8 years old – 2000 kcal/day,
• from 8 to 12 years old – 2400 kcal/day,
• from 12 to 16 years – 2850 kcal/day.

It is not for nothing that we described the indicators in the age threshold of one year. This is one of the most active periods in a baby's life. During this time, children move a lot and can expend 100 to 150 calories per hour. Therefore, the nutritional value of the calories consumed by the child should more than cover the wasted energy balance.

Causes of underweight in a child may include hereditary and autoimmune diseases, as well as stressful situations.

Child growth standards

We must not forget that a child’s growth indicators should always be considered in relation to weight. If growth exceeds the norm, then excess weight will be natural and will not necessarily be considered a deviation from the norm.

The body length of a healthy newborn baby ranges from 46 to 56 centimeters.

Boys' height at birth is usually about 50.7 cm, and girls' height is about 50.2 cm. In the first year of life, the baby grows especially quickly, and by the end of this period its height has approximately halved, averaging 75–76 cm.

After a year, at least up to 3 years, the baby’s growth rate remains unchanged.

• was the baby originally full-term or premature;
• constitutional, hereditary characteristics of the parents;
• gender of the child;
• type of feeding (breastfeeding, artificial);
• presence of concomitant diseases.

There are weight and height tables (centile tables), which show the average weight and height norms. You can find them on the Internet. But, as a rule, they are intended more for doctors to objectively assess the child’s development. It will be quite difficult to understand them yourself, and even impractical.

The weight with which the baby was born does not always affect his development during the year, if we are talking about healthy child born between 38 and 40 weeks of pregnancy. Birth weight depends on how future mom What diet did you eat during pregnancy, what kind of lifestyle did you lead (active or sedentary).

A child’s weight of 4,000 grams, for example, at birth does not always mean that he will gain more than a baby weighing 2,700-2,900 grams. It all depends on the factors described below.

On average, the weight of a full-term baby is within the following limits: for boys at birth 3,500 grams, for girls – 3,350 grams. Deviations from the norm are allowed from 2,700 grams to 4,000 grams. Body length ranges from 46 to 56 cm, with an average of 50 cm.

Let's analyze the norms of weight gain by month for newborns.

Norm of weight gain in newborns by month

In the first 6 months of a newborn’s life, the rate of weight gain per month averages 800 grams. In the second half of the year, the normal weight gain for infants is 400 grams.

In total, the child’s weight increases week by week, respectively, by 200 grams before six months and by 100 grams per week after 6 months.

Child's growth by months

The growth of a healthy child during the first 12 months of life increases by a total of 25 cm. More accurate indicators are given in the height and weight tables.

Norms for monthly increase in body length:

• 1st quarter – 3 cm monthly;
• 2nd quarter – 2.5 cm monthly;
• 3rd quarter – 2 cm monthly;
• 4th quarter – 1-1.5 cm monthly.

More accurate indicators of the normal height and weight of children under one year are given in centile tables of height and weight.

Features of height and weight gain in premature infants

If the baby is premature, then the increase in body weight and length depends on gestational age (meaning the week in which the baby was born). As a rule, the schedule for gaining weight and body length in such children is individual for each specific case. And indicators of weight and height vary in relation to full-term children.

Let's break down the baby's weight by month in case of prematurity:

• during the first 6 months, the average monthly weight gain for children born with a body weight of up to 1,000 grams is about 600 g, with a weight of 1,000 - 1,500 - about 740 g, and with a weight of 1,500-2,500 grams - about 870 g ;
• in the second half of the year, children born with a body weight of up to 1000 g gain about 800 grams of weight monthly, and for larger babies the gain per month is 600 g.

The growth of premature babies during the first year of life increases by 26.6 - 36 cm. Usually by 2 - 3 years they catch up with their peers.

How do the constitutional characteristics of the body and hereditary factors affect the height and weight of a child under one year old?

Most parents like to compare their child with others. For example: “Here, a friend (neighbor, relative) has a child the same age as mine and weighs much more than mine. Why are we not improving? This means something is wrong."

And it seems that there is something to think about, but there is no need to panic. We are all different in genetic structure, some are thin and tall, others are stocky and short. So, these are the types of constitution described:

• normosthenic;
• asthenic;
• hypersthenic.

The development of a child also depends on factors such as heredity. If mom and dad are short, and there is no one tall in the immediate family tree, then you shouldn’t expect your child to gain 5 cm every month. This principle partly applies to the child’s weight. We cannot change what is inherent in nature.

Gender of the child and rate of weight gain in infants by month

Boys, in most cases, initially at birth have more weight than girls. Accordingly, the increase in both weight and height will differ. These differences are also included in special centile tables.

The influence of the type of feeding on the weight gain of the newborn

At this point I would like to note such a nuance as overfeeding the child. Previously, it was believed that overfeeding could only be done on artificial nutrition. However, there are cases, quite often, when a mother overfeeds her child.

In both cases, there is an intensive increase not so much in body length as in body weight. That is, if a child gains monthly growth around the average and 1,500 - 2,000 grams in weight, then it’s worth thinking about whether we are feeding the baby too much and too often.

After all, uncontrolled feeding leads to consequences such as delayed motor development and skills. The child later turns over, sits down, stands up, it is difficult for him, the excess weight interferes. The development of the musculoskeletal system is disrupted, obesity and many unpleasant consequences are possible.

Concomitant diseases and physical development

Babies with certain diseases gain less in both height and weight. Or, on the contrary, a situation arises when the presence of a certain disease causes a greater increase in comparison with healthy children. There are many diseases, let’s try to figure it out by highlighting the most common groups of diseases:

1. Diseases of the cardiovascular system. Birth defects hearts, especially complex ones, with circulatory disorders, heart failure. The reason for the weight deficit in this case is the following point. Due to the presence of the defect, the heart does not function fully, blood circulation is insufficient, the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between the organ tissue is reduced, muscles and blood vessels also suffer. This is expressed in delayed development of the child’s body.
2. Diseases of the bronchopulmonary system. BPD (bronchopulmonary dysplasia), malformations of the trachea, bronchi, lungs, severe intrauterine pneumonia. All these diseases affect circulatory disorders. There is a decrease in the supply of oxygen to tissues and organs, which entails poor growth and weight gain of the child.
3. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Malformations of the intestines, esophagus, liver, bile ducts (intestinal atresia). Such problems are solved promptly in early dates after birth. Gastroesophageal reflux (pathological reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus), viral hepatitis, inflammatory diseases intestines in which absorption is impaired nutrients through the intestinal wall; suffered acute intestinal infections.
4. Diseases of the endocrine system. causes excessive weight gain due to the accumulation of excess fluid in the newborn’s body and the formation of edema of the subcutaneous fat. This disease can be excluded by neonatal screening, which is performed on all newborns up to 1 month.

Usually blood is taken from the heel of a newborn in the maternity hospital. Genetic syndromes such as Praderra-Willi, Shereshevsky-Turner, and Itsenko-Cushing can influence large weight gain. These diagnoses can only be made by your attending physician or a specialist (geneticist, endocrinologist).

And in conclusion, I would like to give advice to parents. In order not to wonder whether my child is developing normally, I just need to visit my pediatrician every month, who will examine the child and monitor weight gain and growth. Then he will tell you how the baby is developing. If necessary, prescribe timely examination and treatment, if required.

With the arrival of a baby in the family, happy parents have new concerns. The main one is the health of the heir. The main indicators of its harmonious development during a very important period of life are reflected in the table of height and weight of children under one year created by experts. It helps to establish how the process of becoming a baby proceeds, taking into account personal characteristics.

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When a newborn is born, the parents are told the first information about him: what gender he is, how much he weighs, how long his body is, as well as information about his general condition. Parents and doctors will closely monitor these values ​​throughout the year, since they are the main indicators of the harmonious formation of the body, and therefore general health.

Normal physical dimensions of newborns depend on the timing of birth. When, with a height of 46 to 57 cm, the baby weighs from 2600 to 4000 g, this is the norm for those born on time, that is, at 38–42 weeks of pregnancy. If the birth was premature, with pathologies, the pregnancy was multiple, then norms of weight and height are significantly reduced. For example, if a newborn born in twins or triplets weighs less than 2000 grams, then this value is not considered critical.

Note! If at the time of discharge from the maternity hospital the newborn weighs less than at birth, then this is the norm.

Weight loss during the first days of life is up to 8% of the initial value. But the baby is discharged home only after the weight loss stops and weight gain begins. The pediatrician monitors changes in these values.

Physical characteristics of a baby up to one year old

The initial months of a baby's life are accompanied by active growth, body weight increases rapidly. Measurements of height and weight in children are carried out monthly, which is the main procedure for determining the normal functioning of the young body.

Height and weight are always individual and depend on the following factors:

• gender;
• values ​​of the main indicators of the newborn;
• genetic characteristics of the parents;
• past illnesses, various infections, sudden dehydration;
• teething, decreased or lack of appetite;
• congenital pathologies or their absence;
• social, everyday components of raising a baby;
• type of feeding.

Also the degree of increase in height and weight in children is influenced by maternal nutrition, the anatomical features of her breasts, individual feeding techniques, as well as the compatibility of various products and medications when feeding a baby with breast milk.

Measuring a child's weight

Several types of tabular forms have been developed to monitor the physical formation of infants:

1. Standard. Contains the values ​​of the main development values ​​of a baby up to one year on a monthly basis.
2. An updated WHO table showing the norms for indicators up to a year, taking into account their initial characteristics.
3. Centile, which makes it possible to establish the correspondence of height and weight to the age of children. The table is designed to analyze and evaluate the physical development indicators of boys and girls separately.

In order to know for sure whether the physiological development of each individual baby is proceeding normally, it is enough to measure the baby’s body length with a stadiometer, determine how much he weighs on a special medical scale, and then compare the obtained values ​​with anthropometric data.

Standard table

This type is most often used by medical personnel because it is convenient, informative, and makes it easy to calculate the child’s weight, as well as body length, according to the age of the subject. Based on the given data, it adds 600 g to its original mass.

During the second and third months, when the most intensive formation of the body occurs, the increase is 800 grams per month. Next comes a gradual decrease in the monthly increase in the indicator by 50 grams, which is due to a decrease in the intensity of development of the baby’s body.

During the first month of life, the value of weight gain is less than in the next two months due to physiological loss of approximately 200 g at birth, which is normal. During the first few days of life, the young body of a newborn actively gets rid of excess fluid. More often, this phenomenon occurs during breastfeeding, since the mother does not yet produce milk for the first few days, but appears only from the second or third day after birth. The small amount of colostrum that the baby is fed until then does not contribute to weight gain. Thus, during this month the same 800 g are gained, but minus 200 g lost during the first days of existence. The average weight of a child by month is shown in the table.

As for the body length values, the calculations here are even simpler. During the first trimester, the baby grows by 3 cm every month. In the next trimester, the increase will be about 2.5 cm per month. Over another three months, approximately 2 cm are added. During the last trimester of the first year of existence, the intensity of development slows down. The increase in body length to the previous value is reduced to 1 cm monthly. In total, it turns out that over the course of a year the baby grows approximately 25 cm.

Age	Body length	Increase in height	Weight	Weight gain
months	cm	cm	kg	kg
0	50–51	-	3,1–3,4	-
1	54–55	3,0	3,7–4,1	0,60
2	55–59	3,0	4,5–4,9	0,80
3	60–62	2,5	5,2–5,6	0,80
4	62–65	2,5	5,9–6,3	0,75
5	64–68	2,0	6,5–6,8	0,70
6	66–70	2,0	7,1–7,4	0,65
7	68–72	2,0	7,6–8,1	0,60
8	69–74	2,0	8,1–8,5	0,55
9	70–75	1,5	8,6–9,0	0,50
10	71–76	1,5	9,1–9,5	0,45
11	72–78	1,5	9,5–10,0	0,40
12	74–80	1,5	10,0–10,8	0,35

The table shows average norms for weight and height growth in children during the first year, which is a drawback, since a clear picture of the individual development of the subject does not emerge.

WHO tables

This form contains updated information. It reflects the height and weight of the child by month, taking into account the values ​​​​at birth. Undoubtedly physical measurements of the baby in dynamics will be different for infants who weighed the most or the least at birth. Since the physical characteristics of infants depend on their gender, the WHO tabulation forms are designed individually for boys and girls.

Table of development parameters for girls under one year old

The structure and formation of girls has a number of certain physiological distinctive characteristics, therefore the values ​​of the digital parameters of the physical development of their body are somewhat lower than the corresponding parameters of boys.

The baby's weight is monitored monthly. The table of characteristics during the first year of life for girls contains the outer columns with the largest and smallest values. These indicators are critical, so there is reason to recommend contacting specialists.

Girl's age	Weight, g							Body length, mm
	Too low	Low	Below the average	Average	Above average	High	Too high	Too low	Low	Below the average	Average	Above average	High	Too high
0	2000	2400	2800	3200	3700	4200	4800	436	454	473	491	510	529	547
1	2700	3200	3600	4200	4800	5500	6200	478	498	517	537	566	576	595
2	3400	3900	4500	5100	5800	6600	7500	510	530	550	571	591	611	632
3	4000	4500	5200	5800	6600	7500	8500	535	556	577	598	619	640	661
4	4400	5000	5700	6400	7300	8200	9300	556	578	599	621	643	664	686
5	4800	5400	6100	6900	7800	8800	10000	574	596	618	640	662	685	707
6	5100	5700	6500	7300	8200	9300	10600	589	612	635	657	680	703	725
7	5300	6000	6800	7600	8600	9800	11100	603	627	650	673	696	719	742
8	5600	6300	7000	7900	9000	10200	11600	617	640	664	687	711	735	758
9	5800	6500	7300	8200	9300	10500	12000	629	653	677	701	726	750	774
10	5900	6700	7500	8500	9600	10900	12400	641	665	690	715	739	764	789
11	6100	6900	7700	8700	9900	11200	12800	652	677	703	728	753	778	803
12	6300	7000	7900	8900	10100	11500	13100	663	689	714	740	766	792	817

Table of development parameters for boys up to one year old

The main height and weight characteristics are contained in the WHO tabular form for boys, the principle of which is similar to the tabular form for girls.

The main thing you should pay attention to when monitoring a baby’s physical measurements is their monthly increase, that is, only the parameters of the length and body weight of a particular baby being examined for the previous period of time in relation to the present matter.

Boy's age	Weight, kg							Body length, mm
	Too low	Low	Below the average	Average	Above average	High	Too high	Too low	Low	Below the average	Average	Above average	High	Too high
0	2100	2500	2900	3300	3900	4400	5000	442	461	480	499	518	537	556
1	2900	3400	3900	4500	5100	5800	6600	489	508	528	547	567	586	606
2	3800	4300	4900	5600	6300	7100	8000	524	544	564	584	604	624	644
3	4400	5000	5700	6400	7200	8000	9000	553	573	594	614	635	655	676
4	4900	5600	6200	7000	7800	8700	9700	576	597	618	639	660	680	701
5	5300	6000	6700	7500	8400	9300	10400	596	617	638	659	680	701	722
6	5700	6400	7100	7900	8800	9800	10900	612	633	655	676	698	719	740
7	5900	6700	7400	8300	9200	10300	11400	627	648	670	692	713	735	757
8	6200	6900	7700	8600	9600	10700	11900	640	662	684	706	728	750	772
9	6400	7100	8000	8900	9900	11000	12300	652	677	697	720	742	765	787
10	6600	7400	8200	9200	10200	11400	12700	664	687	710	733	756	779	801
11	6800	7600	8400	9400	10500	11700	13000	676	699	722	745	769	792	815
12	6900	7700	8600	9600	10800	12000	13300	686	710	734	757	781	805	829

Boys development

Centile tables

Using the data, it is determined whether the baby’s height and weight correspond to his actual age. The physical measurements of the subject are compared with the average figures obtained from examining a number of infants of the same age. Each column contains the boundary values ​​of a certain number of children being studied. The interval from 25% to 75% is considered normal.

Also very It is important that the measured physical dimensions of the infant belong to the same centile corridor. There may be a deviation of no more than one or two columns. Using this method of examination, one can judge the harmonious formation of the baby’s body. After conducting research, a conclusion is made about the physical state of development of the baby in points from 1 to 8.

Centile corridor	Centiles	Range of values	Probability in children with normal development	Prescriptions	Conclusion on development
1 or less	until 3	very underestimated	3%	Specific diagnostics and consultation with a doctor are required.	Low
1–2	3–10	low	7%	Please note that consultation with a doctor is recommended.	Proportional, below average
2–3	10–25	below the average	15%	There is no need for special studies	Normal, according to age requirements
3–6	25–75	average	50%
6–7	75–90	above average	15%
7–8	90–97	increased	7%	Special attention, consultation with doctors is recommended, health problems are possible
8 and above	very overpriced	above 97	3%	Special research and consultation with a doctor are needed.	Ahead of age

Centile tabular forms for diagnosing physical development are developed individually for boys and girls.

How to calculate basic physical quantities

Using a child’s height and weight calculator, you can independently estimate the available weight and body length values ​​individually, for each specific case, and also calculate the body mass index. If physical development the baby has deviations, the calculator will report possible problems.

Note! The calculator produces results based on the entered data. If measurements of the baby’s length and body weight are made with an error, then the calculation will also be inaccurate .

Useful video: norms for weight gain and growth of a child up to one year old

It is extremely important for each parent that their child develops harmoniously. The fact is that minimum or maximum values ​​of body length and weight can occur in completely healthy babies, which depends on many reasons. If, in this case, the baby’s parameters fall into one corridor of the centile tabular form or differ by one, maximum two corridors, then this means that the baby is developing proportionally, and parents have no reason to worry.

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Centile tables for boys

Centile tables of physical development of children

Having brought your son to an appointment with a pediatrician, who will weigh him and measure his height, chest and head circumference, you hear an assessment of these indicators: a four, or another number from one to eight. What are these points? This centile corridor, which contains your boy’s indicators according to the table. Centile tables are given below.

physical development of the child

An example of assessing the physical development of a newborn boy

Height-length - 50 cm, corresponds to “average” indicators. Weight - 3800 g, corresponds to the rating of “above average”. Chest circumference - 37 cm, corresponds to the rating "wide". Head circumference - 36cm, corresponds to “average” values. The correspondence of weight to the length of the child’s body is a moderate excess of weight relative to length, “above average.”

Having brought your baby to an appointment with a pediatrician, who will weigh her and measure her height, chest and head girth, you hear an assessment of these indicators: a four, or another number from one to eight. What are these points? This centile corridor, which contains your girl’s indicators according to the table.

Using the tables, you can find out whether your child’s height and weight at a given age (from birth to 17 years) are normal. Centile tables are given below.

Dental tables for assessing the physical development of a child represent a kind of “mathematical photograph” of the distribution large quantity children according to increasing indicators of height, weight, chest and head circumference. The practical use of these tables is extremely simple and convenient, combined with a good logical understanding of the assessment results.

The columns of centile tables show the quantitative boundaries of a trait in a certain proportion (percentage, centile) of children of a given age and gender. In this case, the values ​​characteristic of half of healthy children of a given sex and age are taken as average or strictly normal values, which corresponds to the interval 25-50-75%. In our tables this interval is shaded. Intervals that are close to the average are assessed as below and above average (10-25% and 75-90%, respectively). These indicators can also be regarded by parents as normal. If the indicator falls into the zone of 3-10 or 90-97%, you should be wary and point this out to your doctor. This is an area of ​​attention that requires additional consultation and examination. If the child’s indicator goes beyond 3 or 97%, it is very likely that the child has some kind of pathology that affects the indicators of his physical development.
distribution of children by head circumference

You can understand what a dental scale is, for example a height scale, using the following example. Imagine 100 children of the same age and gender, lined up in height from smallest to tallest. The height of the first three children is assessed as very low, from 3 to 10 - low, 10-25 - below average, 25-75 - average, 75-90 - above average, 90-97 - tall and the last three guys are very tall.

The indicator of height, weight, etc. of a particular child can be placed in its own “corridor” of the centile scale of the corresponding table. Depending on which “corridors” the child’s anthropometric data fall into, a value judgment is formulated and an appropriate tactical medical decision is made.

The same principle is used to assess the correspondence of body weight to the length and height of a child, while the distribution is constructed using weight indicators for children of the same height.

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