Presentation on crochet. Presentation on crochet technology
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Creative project by technology. On the topic: Crochet. Completed by: Gevorgyan S. Checked by: Pyatkova G.I. Lazurny village. 2010 Municipal educational institution Lazurnenskaya secondary schoolSlide 2
Plan: 1.Organizational and preparatory stage. Selection and justification of the topic. Target. Choice of material. Selection of equipment. Organization of the workplace.
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Plan: 2. Technological stage. Technological sequence manufacturing. Economic calculation. 3.Final stage. Advertising. Conclusion.
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Selection and justification of the topic. I chose this topic because I already knew it; in 9th grade, I made a crocheted vase for a creative project. So I decided to learn something new in the field of knitting and decided to try to make an openwork napkin.
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Target. A creative project provides an opportunity to learn the technique of crocheting, and also allows you to learn how to craft and make products that are pleasant to look at and made with your own hands. To achieve the goal, I set several tasks for myself: 1. Make the project beautiful and neat. 2. Reach the end and realize the beauty of the fact that I made this product myself!
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Choice of material. When crocheting, yarn made from wool, linen, silk, cotton or synthetic threads is used. Materials are chosen depending on what item is intended to be knitted. Threads White, No. 10 Hook With a thin end
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Selection of equipment. When crocheting, the main tool is the hook. There are two types hooks - short, which are used for simple knitting (chain loops and stitches), and long ones - for knitting with a long crochet (Tunisian knitting). The thickness of the hook is selected according to the thickness of the material and the selected pattern. When purchasing a hook, you need to pay attention to its tip. You need to make sure that the hook has a large enough slit, then it will be easy for them to hold the thread. The tip of the hook should not be too round, because then it will be difficult to grab the thread, but it should not be too sharp, as it can hurt your fingers. If you do get a bad hook, it is difficult to fix it at home by filing the tip. Hooks are made from various materials- metal, plastic and wood. They are of different thickness. Hooks are divided into numbers. The hook number is the diameter in millimeters, for example, the diameter of hook No. 2-2mm.
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Organization of the workplace. When preparing the workplace Special attention should pay attention to lighting. The importance of lighting is very great; it is a component of artistic perception. Workplace should be well lit. The light should fall on the workplace from the left side. In the evening, it is better to equip with two types of artificial lighting: fluorescent and incandescent lamps so that the fluorescent lamp creates diffused light, and the incandescent lamp is directed from the left side directly to the workplace. The duration of work should not exceed three class hours with a mandatory break after each class hour. A properly organized workplace contributes to better production of products.
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Technological sequence of production. 1.You need to buy threads and a hook. 2. You will need the ability to crochet. So you make a large loop, then around this loop you knit a track, i.e. you make one loop, then a second and pull it through the first, then do the same thing in a circle to the bottom. Then you make a column of three loops, then you make 3 air loops, connecting into a column of three loops, and so on in a circle. Next, you knit columns of various lengths, like a web, connecting to each other. Next, you knit three columns, each column consisting of three loops, turning into spiral ribbons of four columns, each column consisting of three loops, and from these columns another 12 columns consisting of seven loops, we connect them all with air loops and tie the whole simple napkin, right loop. And we get a beautiful openwork napkin.
- L/Z - Knitting - the process of making products (usually clothing items or interior items) from one or more threads by bending them into loops and connecting them with each other using simple tools manually (hook, knitting needles, needle, fork) or on a special machine ( mechanical knitting).Knitting refers to types of weaving.
- L/Z – Crocheting is the process of making fabric or lace by hand from threads using a hook. It is considered an easier type of needlework compared to knitting. When crocheting, the working thread is held with the thumb and forefinger, supported by the third finger. The thread is thrown onto a hook threaded through a free loop and pulled through it. The main types of loops in crocheting: air, half-double, single crochet, double crochet.
- L/Z – Crochet hook – a device for making fabric, clothing, and accessories. The fabric can be crocheted straight, across and in a circle, or collected from motifs. The word hook comes from the French "croc" or "croche". Crocheting involves pulling stitches from the stitches of the previous row. Crochet differs from knitting in that the latter has only one active loop. The only exception to the rule is Tunisian knitting.
Many ancient burials contain knitted items dating back to the 3rd century AD.
History of knitting
- It’s convenient that you don’t need a loom or anything else to knit. This was greatly appreciated by nomadic and agricultural peoples. It's a pity that the old samples have not survived to this day. We inherited only paintings that prove that knitting is one of the oldest forms of art.
Early European
First knitted items
- Ancient knitted items have been found in Egypt. These were stockings of complex multi-color knitting made of white wool and indigo. A child was found in one of the tombs of the pharaohs. knitted sock. Thumb was knitted separately, since at that time they wore shoes similar to our beach ones. The stockings are dated to 11-14 centuries BC.
An ancient sock was found during excavations in tombs Ancient Egypt
Archaeologists often
find different
interesting things
- According to a specialist in crochet Annie Potter - this art was created in the 16th century.
- And Lisa Paludan from Denmark searched for the origins of crochet in Europe and put forward 3 theories.
- 1) It appeared in Arabia, then came to Tibet and Spain, from where trade routes followed to other countries.
- 2) We first learned about this mating from South America, where primitive tribes used crocheted decorations.
- 3) Crocheted dolls first appeared in China.
Practical part My first job
- I decided to knit a case for my smartphone.
- Each knitted item starts from the first loop.
- The first row is knitted
air loops.
I knitted until the cover was the length I needed.
- Now we begin to knit the lid. After all, a case without it is not a case!
- It doesn't need to be knitted
- Everything fundamental is connected. Now the small details: eyes, paws, beak and wings. My case is in the shape of an owlet.
- I also make the eyes by circular knitting, after which crystals are sewn to them.
CONCLUSION
- knitting originated long before our era, but has always been very popular and very highly valued;
- to learn how to knit you need to be able to work with information, be patient, perseverance, and be observant;
- you can present your creative works and receive recognition;
- skillful use of crochet will be useful in later life.
- Without the help of adults, my project would not have turned out the way it is now, because the topic was not the simplest. My mother taught me to knit, and my teacher inspired me to knit.
Conclusion and literature
I enjoyed working on the project. Now I know how to crochet, and I can knit another trinket (or a very useful thing)!
- en.wikipedia.org
- uroki-vyazaniya.ru/istoriya-vyazaniya
- studsell.com/view/31179/
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The presentation on the topic "Crochet. Tools and materials" can be downloaded absolutely free on our website. Project subject: Various. Colorful slides and illustrations will help you engage your classmates or audience. To view the content, use the player, or if you want to download the report, click on the corresponding text under the player. The presentation contains 15 slide(s).
Presentation slides
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Crochet. Tools and materials.
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Lesson objectives:
Introduce students to the history of knitting, basic materials and tools; Contribute to the formation of a conscientious attitude towards work; Develop attention and accuracy.
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History of knitting
For a long time, trying to decorate their home and diversify their life, people sought to use the most simple materials to combine simple forms and means with unpretentious patterns, while achieving high skill. Hand knitting initially appeared as a simple utilitarian necessity, but later turned into a real art. Nobody knows who and when invented the first loop, but it has long been known that this miracle loop was born long before our era. In Egypt, a children's knitted shoe was found in one of the tombs; archaeologists have determined that it is more than four thousand years old. And already at the beginning of our era, the technique and principles of knitting were at a very high level.
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It is interesting that knitting was first a male craft, and men fought female competition with special agreements. In 1612, the Prague hosiery workers declared that they would not hire a single woman under pain of monetary penalties! Only later, when knitting became widespread, did it begin to be practiced primarily by women. And yet men have not lost interest in knitting. In 1946, a man won the national American crochet competition, and the prize, the Golden Hook, was presented to him personally by Estée Lauder.
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Materials and tools
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Previously, hooks were made from: bone (ivory, tusks, cattle horn), wood. Later they began to be made from copper and bronze, and by the beginning of the last century - from steel, at the same time hooks with decorative decoration on them (carving on wooden handles, inlay) also came into fashion. Now hooks are used from various materials: metal, plastic, wood, but unlike previous masters, modern manufacturers no less delight us with their new products that make our work easier, such as, for example, backlit hooks. The cost of such a hook is $40.
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What threads are used for crocheting?
Quality knitted product depends on the threads from which it is made. Threads must correspond to the purpose of the product, its cut, style, etc. Woolen, silk, cotton and synthetic threads are used for crocheting. Having chosen the threads for knitting, you need to select a hook for them.
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Which hook should you use specifically for the yarn you will be knitting with? There are several rules here. 1) First of all, look at the label. Some yarn manufacturers indicate the recommended hook number on their labels. This is a handy guide for beginner knitters. As a rule, under the picture of the hook there is a number indicating the number of the hook. 2) Hooks with a diameter of 2-6 mm are used for knitting items made from thick wool or synthetic yarn. For iris, floss, and garus, use a thinner hook (0.5-2.5 mm in diameter). 3) Correct ratio - the thickness of the hook should be almost twice the thickness of the thread. The thicker the yarn, the thicker the hook should be.
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How to hold the hook?
The most important thing in knitting is learning how to hold the tool. There are 2 ways to hold a hook.
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To form the 1st loop, turn the hook with its barb to the left and insert it under the thread away from you. The hook and thread are turned counterclockwise around the thread, a loop is formed on the hook. This loop is held with your thumb and middle finger in the place where it has twisted. The hook is turned with the barb to the left, the thread is grabbed and pulled into the loop that is on the hook (Fig. 04a). The thumb is removed and, holding the end of the thread, the knot is tightened.
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Air loop
When crocheting, chain stitches (chain stitches) form the basis for knitting the first row. They are also used in patterns, openwork knitting or for turning, that is, transition when knitting from one row to another. Technique for knitting an air loop 1. Make the first loop. Pass the hook through the resulting loop from right to left and grab the working thread. Pull it into a knot. There is a new loop on the hook. Pull the working thread and the end of the thread, tightening the knot at the base of the loop. 2. Hold the hook in your right hand and the working thread in your left hand. Hook the working thread towards you and pull it through the loop on the hook (as in the picture). 3. Repeat until the chain is air loops will not reach the required length
Arts and crafts
Knitting crochet
Prepared
technology teacher
School No. 12
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Introduction to the course
- Knitting is one of the most ancient species arts and crafts.
- Knitting makes it possible to create individual items from a simple ball of thread. In addition, knitting is a wonderful relaxation while working.
- Crocheting is a common type of needlework.
- Crocheting is easy and quick to learn
- All you need is a crochet hook and yarn.
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You can crochet a wide variety of products
Large hook and thick threads - sweaters and hats
Using a small hook and thin threads - elegant products similar to woven lace
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Crochet can decorate clothes
And household items
everyday life
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Holistic technological process for the production of knitted products
Materials
tools
Knitting pattern
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Complete technological process for making a knitted flower
Materials
tools
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Reinforcing the material covered
- What types of women's needlework do you know?
- When did knitting begin?
- Who invented the knitting machine and when?
- Is hand knitting popular in modern life, or has it lost its relevance?
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Lesson topic: Materials and tools for crochet. Main types of loops.
Lesson 1 - 2
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Knitting materials
Knitting materials are threads or yarn made from natural or chemical fibers.
- Cotton is one of the most
common types of yarn
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2. Wool yarn-This
since ancient times obtained from
sheared sheep wool .
3. Shiny yarn –
composition of viscose
and acrylic threads added to the main yarn gives it a golden or
silver effect.
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4. Fancy yarn - obtained by mixing fibers of different color and quality.
5. Fancy yarn is melange yarn, made from mixed natural fibers with synthetic and metallized threads of various textures
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Reinforcing the material covered. What types of fibers are shown in the diagram?
Cotton
Woolen
Synthetic
Knitting tools
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Crochet hooks are made from different materials and different thicknesses.
The thinnest ones are made of steel, the thicker ones are made of aluminum, plastic and wood.
Knitting tools
1.Hook for wool yarn
made of plastic
2.Hook for wool yarn with
plast. with a pen
3.Hook for wool yarn
aluminum
4.Nickel plated hook
Wool yarn
5.Nickel plated hook
cotton yarn
6.Hooks for cotton yarn with
caps
7.Hooks for Tunisian crochet
8.Hooks for Tunisian crochet
with flexible line
9.Nickel plated plugs
10.Variable width forks
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Main parts of the hook
1 – hook head; 2 – beard;
3 – flat area, hook number.
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Main types of loops and techniques for their implementation
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Crochet Basics
It is better to learn crocheting using medium-thick threads and a thick hook, since the formation of loops is clearly visible.
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Hook position in hand
The hook can be held in your hand -
like a pencil (a) or like a knife (b)
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All knitting patterns are based on several elements:
Chain of air loops;
Half column;
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Single crochet;
Double crochet.
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Symbol for basic knitting elements
air loop
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half-column
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single crochet
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double crochet
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Elements of knitting technique
Formation of the initial loop
1. Take the thread in left hand
2. Insert the crochet hook under the thread
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3. Turn the hook clockwise
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4. Insert the hook under the thread, hook it and pull it through
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Chain of air loops
- Without removing the hook from the loop formed, grab the thread from your finger and pull it through the loop on the hook. You will get a new loop.
- The following loops are formed in the same way.
- You will get a chain of air loops, which serves as the basis for knitting the next rows.
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Idea! What can you do if you only know how to knit chains? Panel “Birds on the Window” Application “Funny Birds”
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Slide description:
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Objectives: to familiarize students with the history of crochet; tools, materials and devices; develop skills in organizing a workplace; teach correct work techniques; instill interest in culture and art, improve aesthetic taste; develop sensory and motor skills.
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The relevance of crochet. Crocheting allows you to express your individuality and get away from traditional views on fashion, both in a suit and in your home interior. Knitted items are the most stable even in the context of capricious fashion and can decorate the interior and wardrobe for a long time.
4 slide
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Historical information about crochet. In Russia, crocheting has become widespread since the end of the last century, and women began to engage in it. On the territory of the Novgorod region, this type of needlework appeared in the 30–40s of the twentieth century. Before this, local craftswomen were fond of embroidery. Therefore, it is no coincidence that knitting patterns were borrowed from her. The hooks were homemade, most often made of wire, sharpened at one end. Then hooks appeared on sale. At first, threads were also made at home, linen, and only later they began to use bobbin threads. Pattern diagrams were not used back then, but were tied together. The main, most common motives are various geometric figures, flowers.
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Tools. Crochet hooks come in different thicknesses and are made from different materials. The thickness of the hook is indicated by a number that corresponds to the diameter of the hook in millimeters. The higher the number, the thicker the hook. Hooks for knitting with threads are also made of nickel-plated aluminum; they have numbers from 0.6 to 1.75. Crochet hooks for wool yarn, made of aluminum, have numbers from 2.0 to 7.0, and those made of plastic - numbers from 2.5 to 15. The thinnest ones are made of steel, the thicker ones are made of aluminum, plastic and wood. To get the desired result, the hook number must match the thickness of the yarn.
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Materials. One of the most common types of yarn used for crochet is cotton. Cotton threads are varied in color scheme and quality Flax produces very strong, most often unbleached threads. Wool yarn is a natural material obtained from animal hair. Luster yarns are viscose and acrylic threads added to the base yarn to give it a golden or silvery effect. Yarn made using a special technology with the addition of fibers of different colors and quality, synthetic, metallized threads is called fancy yarn. Fancy yarn is made from mixed natural and synthetic fibers with the addition of metallized threads of various textures.
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Workplace equipment. The knitting work area should be well lit. You need to sit straight, touching the back of the chair with your body. In addition to the hook, you may also need additional tools: a darning needle, scissors. There must be order in the workplace. Before starting and after finishing work, you should wash your hands so that the thread and knitted fabric always remain clean, and there are no small particles of yarn left on your hands.
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Position of the hook in the hand. The hook can be held in your hand in different ways. Usually a person gets used to one position. One of the positions is to hold the hook like a pencil. In this case, the hook lies on the hand, large and index fingers keep it close to the end. You can hold the hook in your hand like a knife. In this case, the hook is at hand, the end of the hook is held with the thumb and forefinger.
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Main types of loops. Initial loop. To crochet, first knit the starting loop. To do this, you need to make a loop at a distance of 15 cm from the end of the thread. Insert the hook into it, grab the working thread and pull it through the loop. After this, you need to pull both ends of the thread to tighten the loop on the hook.
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Air loop. The chain stitch forms the basis for knitting the first row. Used to turn knitting, that is, to move from one row to another. Used in sirloin and openwork knitting. The air loops must be knitted the same size and not very tight, so that the hook can easily fit into them when knitting the first row. The hook is held in the right hand, the starting loop is held with the thumb and middle fingers of the left hand. Grab the thread from your finger with the hook, throwing it onto the hook counterclockwise. This technique is called a yarn over and is abbreviated as “n”. After this, pull the thread through the loop on the hook. It turns out to be an air loop.
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A chain of air loops. After knitting the first air loop, the movement is repeated several times until a chain of air loops of the required length is knitted. To count the number of chain stitches knitted in a chain, turn the chain towards you front side, making sure that it does not twist.
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